History of Indonesia Flag

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Rabu, 30 Mei 2012
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History And Meaning Of Flag
The Indonesian national flag is called "Sang Saka Merah Putih." As provided for in Article 35 of the 1945 Constitution, the flag is made up of two colors, red on top of white. Its width is two-thirds of its length, or two meters by three meters. It is hoisted in front of the presidential palace, of government buildings and Indonesian missions abroad. The first flag was courageously flown amidst Japanese occupation forces on the day Indonesia's independence was proclaimed. Since then it has been hoisted at independence day commemorations in front of the presidential palace in the capital city of Jakarta. This historical flag, or "bendera pusaka," was flown for the last time on August 17, 1968. Since then it has been preserved and replaced by a replica woven of pure Indonesian silk.

The flag of Indonesia is based on the flag of the Majapahit Empire on Java at the end of the 13th century. This had nine stripes red and white, and is nowadays used as jack.
Merah-Poetih simply means Red-White. The official name however is Sang Saka, Lofty Bicolor. Red represents the human blood, standing for the corporeal or concrete, white represents the spiritual. Together they are a pair, like the life on earth: day and night; man and wife; creation and individual.
Traditionally almost all Indonesia since long ago has used red and white as their sacred colours, resembling the colour of sugar (red in colour because the sugar comes from palm-sugar, "gula (sugar) aren (palm- sugar)") and rice (white in colour). Both of these (rice & sugar) are the major components of daily Indonesian cuisine/cooking. When one of the tribes later became so powerful in the islands, that is the Javanese's Majapahit Empire, they did not forget this tradition. They used red-white colours as their National flag. Even today the Indonesians are still using red-white in their National Flag. So, a thousand years of unbroken history. Surprisingly, their distant cousins in Madagascar also use the "sacred colour of red & white" in their National Flag. Again, thousand years of unbroken history.

Retrieved from http://www.fotw.net/flags/id.html

For more information click this link
*        Word References
a.       Flag: bendera
b.       Top: puncak
c.        Presidential: president
d.       Independence:merdeka
e.        Silk: sutera
f.          Stripes: garis
g.       Corporeal:kopral, badaniah
h.        Represent: mewakili
i.           Major: utama
j.           Sacred: keramat


After read the paragraph, find out the answer of these questions below!!!

1.      What is the color of Indonesian flag?
2.      How many colors exist in the flag?
3.      When was  the real flag flown for the last time?
4.      How long the red color of the flag?
5.      What is the meaning the red color of the flag?
6.      What is the meaning of the white color in Indonesian flag?
7.      Do Indonesian people still use a flag nowadays?

Pancasila

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Human Right

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What are human rights?

Human rights are rights inherent to all human beings, whatever our nationality, place of residence, sex, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, language, or any other status. We are all equally entitled to our human rights without discrimination. These rights are all interrelated, interdependent and indivisible.
Universal human rights are often expressed and guaranteed by law, in the forms of treaties, customary international law , general principles and other sources of international law. International human rights law lays down obligations of Governments to act in certain ways or to refrain from certain acts, in order to promote and protect human rights and fundamental freedoms of individuals or groups.
Here there are two principles of human right:

a.               Universal and inalienable
The principle of universality of human rights is the cornerstone of international human rights law. This principle, as first emphasized in the Universal Declaration on Human Rights in 1948, has been reiterated in numerous international human rights conventions, declarations, and resolutions. The 1993 Vienna World Conference on Human Rights, for example, noted that it is the duty of States to promote and protect all human rights and fundamental freedoms, regardless of their political, economic and cultural systems.
          All States have ratified at least one, and 80% of States have ratified four or more, of the core human rights treaties, reflecting consent of States which creates legal obligations for them and giving concrete expression to universality. Some fundamental human rights norms enjoy universal protection by customary international law across all boundaries and civilizations.
Human rights are inalienable. They should not be taken away, except in specific situations and according to due process. For example, the right to liberty may be restricted if a person is found guilty of a crime by a court of law.

b.              Interdependent and indivisible

All human rights are indivisible, whether they are civil and political rights, such as the right to life, equality before the law and freedom of expression; economic, social and cultural rights, such as the rights to work, social security and education or collective rights, such as the rights to development and self-determination, are indivisible, interrelated and interdependent. The improvement of one right facilitates advancement of the others. Likewise, the deprivation of one right adversely affects the others.

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Vocabularies
·         Human right: hak asasi manusia
·         Inherent: yang melekat/menjadi sifatnya
·         Sex: jenis kelamin
·         Ethnic: kesukuan, suku bangsa
·         Treaties:risalat
·         Obligations: kewajiban
·         Declaration: mengumumkan, melaporkan
·         Boundaries: batas-batas
·         Crime: kejahatan
·         Deprivation: pencabutan, kehilangan

Translate these sentences below into Indonesia
a.    Human rights are rights inherent to all human beings, whatever our nationality, place of residence, and sex

b.    Universal human rights are often expressed and guaranteed by law

c.    The principle of universality of human rights is the cornerstone of international human rights law

d.   Some fundamental human rights norms enjoy universal protection by customary international law across all boundaries and civilizations

e.    The improvement of one right facilitates advancement of the others

a country's constitution

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"A Country's Constitution"
A constitution is a settled arrangement by which a country's parts or elements, within a geographical district, combine themselves because of some common traits or particular features of mind or character of those in the combined group (a country) and which distinguishes it from other combined groups (other countries). It is not so much that a constitution of a country determines its nature and character; but, rather, that a constitution reflects a country's nature and character. It is a mode in which a state is constituted or organized, and, by which, its physical nature or character is determined and which ultimately determines a country's healthiness, strength and vitality. The OED defines a constitution as the "system or body of fundamental principles according to which a nation, state, or body politic is constituted and governed." In the case of a written Constitution, the name is sometimes applied to the document embodying it. In either case it is assumed or specifically provided that the constitution is more fundamental than any particular law, and contains the principles with which all legislation must be in harmony.
Most everything that goes into the makeup of a constitution (and the traits and character of one constitution, when compared with others, will be as varied as the people it is intended it should govern) can come, and go, and be modified in degree; but, as sine qua non, it governs all who occupy a geographical area, a country. The OED defines a country as a "tract or district ... inhabited by people of the same race, dialect, occupation, etc." The desire to be part of a group likely springs, naturally and deep from within each one of us, from a fundamental need for a situation, controlled just enough, so as to allow each within the group to be able to get on with life, without being molested. Threats to a person's security can come both from within the group and from without the group. The group, particularly if it is to successfully deal with threats from without, must organize itself, by means of patriotic feelings, into a large and powerful group, which, sets for itself, and which is generally recognized by all, both from within and from without, a geographically defined area.
A country is more than a collection of people with patriotic feelings. A country is kinsfolk, or kindred. A country is the friendly feelings to which such kindred gives birth. A country is the feeling of confidence that people have when sharing similar habits and customs.

Retrieved from klik this link

Word list
a.      Country: negara
b.     Constitution: kontitusi
c.      District: daerah(pemerintahan)
d.     Distinguish: membedakan
e.      Fundamental: pokok,asas
f.       Character: karakter
g.     Legislation: perundang-undangan
h.     Compared: membandingkan
i.       Patriotic: patriotik
j.       Collection: koleksi, kumpulan

Answer these question below !
  1.    Find out what is the main idea from the 1st paragraph
  2.     Find out the main idea of the 2nd paragraph
  3.   Find out the main idea of the last paragraph



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civic education

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Senin, 14 Mei 2012
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Civic Education
Civic Education is an important component of education that cultivates citizens to participate in the public life of a democracy, to use their rights and to discharge their responsibilities with the necessary knowledge and skills. It was immediately recognized that a free society must ultimately depend on its citizens, and that the way to infuse the people with the necessary qualities is through education.
As one step of this education process, higher education has been assuming the mission to foster citizens with the spirit to lead. The literature on this contribution, and civic education in general, is characterized by its broad time range, its composition of diverse voices from all kinds of participating social units (from individual to government), and the existence of rich international and comparative studies.

list of vocabulary
a. civic: bersifat kewarganegaraan
b. education: pendidikan
c. cultivates: memperkuat, mengusahakan
d. democracy: demokrasi
e. rights: hak
f. citizen: warga negara
g. mission: tugas
h. contribution: undang-undang dasar
i. social: sosial
j. existence: ada,keberadaan

Retrieved from http://www.thenationalforum.org/Docs/PDF/Civic_Education.pdf
More information click this link


To check your understanding,  try to answer these multiple choice questions below!!! 
1. What is civic education?
a. civic education is education's component that cultivates citizens to use their right
b. how to make a good civilization
c. the way to infuse the people with necessary qualities
2. According to the text, the way to infuse people with necessary qualities is?
      a. economic
      b. business
      c. education



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