What are human rights?
Human rights are rights
inherent to all human beings, whatever our nationality, place of residence,
sex, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, language, or any other
status. We are all equally entitled to our human rights without discrimination.
These rights are all interrelated, interdependent and indivisible.
Universal human rights are
often expressed and guaranteed by law, in the forms of treaties, customary
international law , general principles and other sources of international law.
International human rights law lays down obligations of Governments to act in
certain ways or to refrain from certain acts, in order to promote and protect
human rights and fundamental freedoms of individuals or groups.
Here there are two principles of human right:
a.
Universal and inalienable
The principle of universality
of human rights is the cornerstone of international human rights law. This
principle, as first emphasized in the Universal Declaration on Human Rights in
1948, has been reiterated in numerous international human rights conventions,
declarations, and resolutions. The 1993 Vienna World Conference on Human
Rights, for example, noted that it is the duty of States to promote and protect
all human rights and fundamental freedoms, regardless of their political,
economic and cultural systems.
All States
have ratified at least one, and 80% of States have ratified four or more, of
the core human rights treaties, reflecting consent of States which creates
legal obligations for them and giving concrete expression to universality. Some
fundamental human rights norms enjoy universal protection by customary
international law across all boundaries and civilizations.
Human rights are
inalienable. They should not be taken away, except in specific situations and
according to due process. For example, the right to liberty may be restricted
if a person is found guilty of a crime by a court of law.
b.
Interdependent and indivisible
All human rights are
indivisible, whether they are civil and political rights, such as the right to
life, equality before the law and freedom of expression; economic, social and
cultural rights, such as the rights to work, social security and education or
collective rights, such as the rights to development and self-determination,
are indivisible, interrelated and interdependent. The improvement of one right
facilitates advancement of the others. Likewise, the deprivation of one right
adversely affects the others.
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Vocabularies
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Human right: hak asasi manusia
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Inherent: yang melekat/menjadi sifatnya
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Sex: jenis kelamin
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Ethnic: kesukuan, suku bangsa
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Treaties:risalat
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Obligations: kewajiban
·
Declaration: mengumumkan, melaporkan
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Boundaries: batas-batas
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Crime: kejahatan
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Deprivation: pencabutan, kehilangan
Translate these sentences below into Indonesia
a. Human rights are rights
inherent to all human beings, whatever our nationality, place of residence, and
sex
b. Universal human rights are
often expressed and guaranteed by law
c. The principle of universality
of human rights is the cornerstone of international human rights law
d. Some fundamental human
rights norms enjoy universal protection by customary international law across
all boundaries and civilizations
e. The improvement of one
right facilitates advancement of the others