esp for civic education

Regional: kedaerahan Ethnic: kesukuan,suku bangsa Tactics: siasat, cara Region: daerah, wilayah Strife: berusaha,bekerja keras

Wealth: kekayaan Timber: kayu Resource: sumber penghasilan Separatist: memisahkan diri Advancement: kemajuan

Ensuring a Successful General Election

The government has called on the people to hold a peaceful election. The main parties also agree that they would like to avoid unnecessary turmoil in order to hold as democratic an election as possible. The main point in achieving this is to make the general election as free, democratic, and fair as possible. In past elections, the Golkar party mobilized all of the public employees and used various pressure tactics in order to win a majority. If this election turns out to be as undemocratic as past elections, anti-government movements run mostly by university students will become active again. This could lead to the same kind of political instability as that of May 1998.

Another key point will be whether or not disputes between the parties during campaign activities can be prevented. In every previous election, clashes between supporters from different parties have resulted in large numbers of deaths. Since April, there have been reports of small skirmishes between party supporters in several regions. There is a strong possibility that these clashes will result in tragedy once full-scale campaign activities begin. In order to avoid this, the parties need to open lines of communication to deepen their mutual understanding, and to run campaigns that obey campaign guidelines. In addition, policing activities by the police and armed forces will also need to be fair.

Instigators, who some people believe exist, are especially feared. Everyone in the general population agrees that they wish to avoid the kind of troubles that occurred in May 1998 in this election. However, there is still the possibility that instigators will start riots that could spread throughout the country.

Retrived from http://www.jri.co.jp/english/periodical/economic/AERe199902indonesia/

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                True (T) and False (F) questions. Find out the answer from the reading above

Communism Vs. Capitalism

Retrived from http://www.buzzle.com/articles/communism-vs-capitalism.htmllink

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             Choose the best answer

Indonesia Political Considerations 

The internal dynamics of Indonesian politics in the last half of the twentieth century was linked to an external environment that both the Old Order and the New Order perceived as inherently dangerous. Foreign policy had as its most important goals security of the state and territorial integrity. The jurisdictional boundaries of the state were greatly expanded with the incorporation of the "archipelago principle" into the new international law of the sea regime. This new regime was codified as the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea in 1982. The "archipelago principle" effectively territorialized all ocean space inside straight baselines drawn from the farthest points of the most distant islands of Indonesia, thus giving new sanction to the Indonesian doctrine of the political and security unity of archipelagic land and sea space (wawasan nusantara), first promulgated in the 1950s.

Sukarno's response to challenge was to attack the status quo--to "live dangerously," to cite his 1964 National Day address, "A Year of Living Dangerously." The Suharto government's approach, on the other hand, was one of cooperation and accommodation in order to gain international support for Indonesia's political stability and economic development while, at the same time, maintaining its freedom of action. Whereas Sukarno relished leading the New Emerging Forces against the Old Established Forces, the Suharto government turned to the Western developed economies for assistance. These countries were consortionally organized in the Inter-Governmental Group on Indonesia (IGGI--see Glossary), and along with the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank (see Glossary), gave massive economic assistance, amounting in the 1992 budget to more than US$4 billion a year. Although Suharto's pragmatic, low-profile style was a far cry from the radical internationalism and confrontational anti-imperialism of Sukarno's foreign policy, there was continuity in a nationalism that colored Indonesia's perceptions of its role in the region. The promotion of Islamic international political interests was not high on the Indonesian foreign policy agenda, despite Indonesia being the world's largest Muslim nation. Indonesia was a member of the Organization of Islamic Conference (OIC) but as of 1992, unlike Malaysia, had not aspired to a major role in that organization.

Retrieved from http://www.photius.com/countries/indonesia/government/indonesia_government_political_considerat~42.html

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Retrieved from http://www.asianinfo.org/asianinfo/indonesia/pro-history.htm

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Give (T) if the opinion is true, and (F) is the opinion is false